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The Preah Vihear Temple is located between Prehah Vihear Province in Cambodia and Cisacket County in Thailand in a mountainous area demanded by countries.
Preah Vihear Temple is devoted to Roses Shiva. (Credit image: x)
The borders of approximately 800 km (approximately) between Thailand and Cambodia are a source of tension and competition. Once again, violence erupted, and at least 15 people have been killed, most of them civilians, as clashes continued. In response to the renewed conflict, Thailand was said to have been evacuated more than 100,000 people from four provinces near the border.
With the blame on both sides each other, this is not the first time that tensions in the area ascended. Among the areas of disagreement is the PRAH VIHEAR temple in the eleventh century.
What is the bone of the dispute?
Preah Vihear Temple is a Hindu Shivki’s Hindu Shin The temple lies between Breyh Hirir Province in Cambodia and the Cisacket Province in Thailand in a mountainous area demanded by the two countries.
The case dates back to the 1907 map drawn during the French colonial rule in Cambodia. Cambodia uses this map to confirm its demand for the temple and the surrounding areas. But Thailand says the map is not clear and has not been officially accepted.
In 1962, Cambodia took the matter to the International Court of Justice (ICJ), which ruled in her favor. The court announced that the temple is located inside the compassionate lands. But Thailand argued that the area surrounding the temple, about 4.6 square kilometers, remained unstable.
In 2008, Cambodia succeeded in obtaining the Prehah Vihear Temple included as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, a move that angered Thailand and tensions. The deadly clashes took place in 2011, which killed at least 15 people and explained thousands.
The conflict was brought again before the International Court of Justice, which in 2013 confirmed the sovereignty of Cambodia, not only on the temple itself but also on the surrounding land. The court also suggested establishing a determined area around the site to prevent more violence. However, according to Associated Press, this decision has never been implemented. Thailand later rejected the jurisdiction of the court, and the conflict remains unlawful.
Which built the temple and its connection in India
The Prehah Vihear Temple traces its origins to the ninth century AD, although the main structure that was seen today was largely built in the eleventh century during the peak of the Khmer Empire. According to the history site, construction began during the reign of King Suravarman I (1002-1050) and was later expanded by King Suravarman II (1113-1150).
For Roses Shiva, the temple is a prominent example of the classic Khmer structure. The main mausoleum, Prasat Ta Muen Thom, was built from sandstone and includes Shivalinga with libraries, according to Indian Express. The largest complex also includes Prasat Ta Mouen, the MAAYANA site that was designed to provide a shelter for travelers, and Prasat Ta Muen Tot, a hospital shrine that serves the local community.
In 2018, India signed a memorandum of understanding (Memorandum of Understanding) with Cambodia to help restore and preserve the old Lord Shiva temple, which is recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Calls for national pride and politics by the two countries
Preah Vihear Temple is very important for Cambodia and Thailand. For Cambodia, it is a symbol of its rich history and the culture of Khmer. It is seen as one of the most important places of spiritual importance in the country.
For Thailand, the case revolves around more than just a land. Many national groups believe that the region close to the temple belongs to Thailand. They feel that giving up will be the loss of Thai land and pride.
One major problem is the unclear boundaries. Although both countries have signed several agreements, they still do not fully agree on the location of the border, especially near the temple. Talks and meetings have been held several times, but both sides still send their soldiers to patrols in the area. This often leads to more stress and conflict.
Similar border conflicts involve cultural and historical sites
Conflicts involved on the borders and historical monuments are not limited to Southeast Asia. Throughout the world, many countries continue to face similar conflicts.
India and China: India and China had a long -term border conflict along the Himalayas. Disagreements include areas like Aksai Chin and Arunachal Pradesh. The differences on the maps of the ancient colonial era and the historical importance of the region kept the tensions continuous.
Israel and Palestine: The two were opposed for many years because both sides were demanding the same land. This includes important places for their history and religion, especially in Jerusalem.
Russia and Ukraine: The last conflict between the two stems from the historical allegations and the national identity related to the Donbas region and the Crimea, which was included in Russia in 2014.
Ethiopia and Eritrea: Even with improving relations, Ethiopia and Eritrea still have continuous issues about border demarcation.
Georgia and Azerbaijan: These two countries have a dispute over the Deir David Gary complex, which is located on their common borders.
Pakistan and Afghanistan: The Durand line, which was drawn during British rule, was a long time between the two countries.
Sudan and South Sudan: The ABYEI region is still a matter of conflict between the two countries. After South Sudan gained independence, both sides continued to claim this region.
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